Abstract: The profound reconstruction of the sports ecosystem by digital technology has driven the transformation of table tennis "fans" into an organized, emotionally polarized, and symbol-consuming "fandom". Based on the perspective of the new tribalism theory, this paper systematically analyzes the manifestations, driving forces, and hidden risks of the transformation from table tennis "fans" to "fandom". The research reveals that fan emotions, platform algorithms, and commercial capital are intertwined and dynamically coupled, jointly fueling the transformation of table tennis "fans" into "fandom". This transformation has undergone four major changes in aggregation methods, symbolic discourse, emotional expression, and interactive rituals, eventually giving rise to a fluid, symbolic, emotionalized and ritualized "neo-tribe". During this process, the table tennis fandom has also triggered group anomic behaviors including irrational fan support disrupting the order of events, cyberviolence eroding public space, and idolization undermining the value of sports. Accordingly, a multi-dimensional co-governance system is proposed to regulate the chaos in table tennis "fandom" from the perspectives of fan emotions, symbolic interaction, and legal supervision, in order to promote the sound development of the table tennis "neo-tribe".