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    中外高水平男子跳远运动员专项体技能研究

    Research on Sport-Specific Motor Skills of High Level Male Long Jumpers from China and Abroad

    • 摘要: 我国男子跳远项目的新生力量正处于竞技能力提升的关键时期,为了突破竞技瓶颈,采用系统文献计量分析与横断面数据分析相结合的方法,分析具备国际大赛争冠实力的世界级运动员特征,筛选影响竞技表现的核心生物力学协变量,结合MATLAB数学计算软件建立跳远成绩与高度相关致胜因子回归方程。发现国际选手BMI、身高参数显著优于中国选手;100 m成绩与跳远成绩显著正相关,助跑最后10 m速度与成绩高度相关,起跳垂直分速度大小与成绩高度相关。体能方面主要体现为突出的快速短距加速以及下肢刚性适配能力;在技能方面表现为能实现最优化起跳时间结构划分,调控垂直、水平各分向速度最佳分配能力。

       

      Abstract: The new generation of male long jumpers in our country is currently at a critical stage in enhancing their competitive abilities. To help athletes break through the performance plateau, this study employs a combined approach of systematic bibliometric analysis and cross-sectional data analyses to identify the characteristics of world-class athletes capable of competing for titles in international competitions. It then screens for core biomechanical covariates that influence athletic performance and, using MATLAB mathematical software, establishes a regression equation for the winning factors highly correlated with long jump performance. The results indicate that international athletes have significantly better BMI and height parameters compared to domestic athletes. There is a significant positive correlation between 100-meter performance and long jump results; The final 10-meter sprint speed during the approach run also shows a high correlation with performance; The vertical velocity at takeoff also demonstrates a high correlation with performance. In terms of physical fitness, it is primarily characterized by outstanding short-distance acceleration and lower limb stiffness adaptation capacity. In terms of motor skills, this manifests as the ability to optimize the timing structure of take-off and to regulate as well as optimally allocate vertical and horizontal velocity components.

       

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